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power integrations 5245 hellyer avenue, san jose, ca 95138 usa. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com title reference design report for a high efficiency ( 85%), high power factor (>0.9) triac dimmable 14 w led driver using linkswitch tm -ph lnk406eg specification 90 vac ? 265 vac input; 28 v typ , 0.5 a output application led driver author applications engineering department document number rdr-194 date december 14, 2010 revision 1.1 summary and features ? superior performance and end user experience o triac dimmer compatible (including low cost leading edge type) ? no output flicker ? >1000:1 dimming range o clean monotonic start-up ? no output blinking o fast start-up (<300 ms) ? no perceptible delay o consistent dimming performance unit to unit ? highly energy efficient o 85% at 115 vac, 87% at 230 vac ? low cost, low component count and small printed circuit board footprint solution o no current sensing required o frequency jitter for smaller, lower cost emi filter components ? integrated protection and reliability features o output open circuit / output short-circuit protected with auto-recovery o line input overvoltage shutdown extends voltage withstand during line faults. o auto-recovering thermal shutdown with large hysteresis protects both components and printed circuit board o no damage during brown-out or brown-in conditions ? iec 61000-4-5 ringwave, iec 61000-3-2 class c and en55015 b conducted emi compliant
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 2 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com patent information the products and applications illustrated herein (including transf ormer construction and circuits external to the products) may be covered by one or more u.s. and foreign patents, or potentially by pendi ng u.s. and foreign patent applications assigned to power integ rations. a complete list of power integrations' patents may be found at www. powerint.com. power integrations grants its customers a licens e under certain patent rights as set forth at .
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 3 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com table of contents 1 introducti on .................................................................................................................5 2 power supply s pecification ........................................................................................7 3 schemat ic ...................................................................................................................8 4 circuit desc ription.......................................................................................................9 4.1 input filt ering .......................................................................................................9 4.2 linkswitch-ph primary ........................................................................................9 4.3 feedback ...........................................................................................................10 4.4 output rectif ication ...........................................................................................11 4.5 triac phase dimming cont rol compatib ility....................................................11 5 pcb lay out...............................................................................................................12 6 bill of ma terial s .........................................................................................................13 6.1 electric al ............................................................................................................13 6.2 mechanica l ........................................................................................................14 7 transformer spec ificatio n .........................................................................................15 7.1 electrical diagram..............................................................................................15 7.2 electrical spec ificatio ns .....................................................................................15 7.3 material s ............................................................................................................15 7.4 transformer build diagr am................................................................................16 7.5 transformer cons truction ..................................................................................16 8 transformer desi gn spreads heet .............................................................................17 9 performanc e data .....................................................................................................20 9.1 power effi ciency ................................................................................................20 9.1.1 28 v ............................................................................................................20 9.1.2 25 v ............................................................................................................20 9.1.3 31 v ............................................................................................................21 9.2 regulatio n .........................................................................................................22 9.2.1 output volt age and li ne.............................................................................22 9.2.2 input voltage and output voltage regul ation ............................................23 10 thermal perf ormance............................................................................................25 10.1 v in = 115 vac (u1: no heat si nk) ....................................................................25 10.2 v in = 230 vac (u1: no heat si nk) ....................................................................25 11 harmonic data ......................................................................................................26 12 wavefo rms ............................................................................................................28 12.1 input line voltage and curr ent ..........................................................................28 12.2 drain voltage and curr ent .................................................................................28 12.3 output voltage and ripple cu rrent....................................................................29 12.4 output voltage and drain cu rrent start- up prof ile ............................................29 12.5 output current and drain volt age during shor ted output.................................30 12.6 open load output volt age ................................................................................30 13 dimming ................................................................................................................31 13.1 input phase vs. output ......................................................................................31 13.2 output voltage and input current wave forms...................................................32 13.2.1 v in = 115 vac / 60 hz ................................................................................32 13.2.2 v in = 230 vac / 50hz .................................................................................33
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 4 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 14 line surg e.............................................................................................................34 15 conducted emi .....................................................................................................35 16 production distri bution da ta .................................................................................37 17 revision hi story ....................................................................................................38 18 appendix ...............................................................................................................39 18.1 dimming test with tria c dimmer s witches ....................................................39 18.1.1 v in = 115 vac / 60 hz ................................................................................39 18.1.2 v in = 230 vac / 50 hz ................................................................................39 18.2 audible noise test data....................................................................................40 18.2.1 v in = 115 vac, fu ll phas e .........................................................................40 18.2.2 v in = 115 vac, half phase ........................................................................40 18.2.3 v in = 230 vac, fu ll phas e .........................................................................41 18.2.4 v in = 230 vac, half phase ........................................................................41 important note: although this board is designed to satisfy safety isolation requirements, the engineering prototype has not been agency approved. therefore, all testing should be performed using an isolation transformer to provide the ac input to the prototype board.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 5 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 1 introduction the document describes a high power-facto r triac dimmable led driver designed to drive a nominal led string voltage of 28 v at 0.5 a from an input voltage range of 90 vac to 265 vac. the led driver utilizes the lnk406eg from the linkswitch-ph family of ics. linkswitch-ph ics allow the im plementation of cost effect ive and low component count led drivers which both meet power factor and harmonics limits but also offer enhanced end user experience. this incl udes ultra-wide dimming range, flicker free operation (even with low cost with ac line triac dimme rs) and fast, cle an turn on. the topology used is an isolated flyback operat ing in continuous conduction mode. output current regulation is sensed entirely from the primary side eliminating the need for secondary side feedback component s. no external current sensing is required on the primary side either as this is performed inside the ic further reducing components and losses. the internal controller adjusts the mosfet duty cycle to maintain a sinusoidal input current and therefore high power factor and low harmonic currents. the lnk406eg also provides a sophisticated range of protection fe atures including auto- restart for open control loop and output short-circuit conditions. line overvoltage provides extended line fault and surge withstand, output ov ervoltage protects the supply should the load be disconnect and accurate hysteretic thermal shutdown ensures safe average pcb temperatures under all conditions. in any led luminaire the driver determines many of the performance attributes experienced by the end customer (user) incl uding startup time, dimming, flicker and unit to unit consistency. for this design a focus was given to compatibility with as wider range of dimmers and as large of a dimming range as possible, at both 115 vac and 230 vac. however simplification of the design is possi ble for both single input voltage operation, no dimming or operation with a limited r ange of (higher quality) dimmers. this document contains the led driver spec ification, schematic, pcb diagram, bill of materials, transformer documentation and typical performance characteristics.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 6 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com figure 1 ? populated circuit board photograph (top view). pcb outline designed to fit inside par38 enclosure. figure 2 ? populated circuit board photograph (bottom view).
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 7 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 2 power supply specification the table below represents the minimum acc eptable performance of the design. actual performance is listed in the results section. description symbol min typ max units comment input voltage a v in 90 115 265 vac 2 wire ? no p.e. frequency f line 47 50/60 64 hz output output voltage v out 24 28 32 v output current a i out 0.475 0.5 0.525 a v out = 28, v in = 115 vac, 25c total output power continuous output power p out 14 w efficiency full load ? 80 % measured at p out 25 o c environmental conducted emi cispr 15b / en55015b safety designed to meet iec950 / ul1950 class ii ring wave (100 khz) differential mode (l1-l2) common mode (l1/l2-pe) 2.5 kv iec 61000-4-5 , 200 a power factor 0.9 measured at v out(typ) , i out(typ) and 115/230 vac harmonics en 61000-3-2 class d ambient temperature b t amb 60 o c free convection, sea level notes: a when configured for phase controlled (triac) dimming, to give wi dest dimming range, the output current for a link switch-ph design varies with line voltage. therefore the output current specification is defined at a single line voltage only. for this design a line voltage of 115 vac was selected. at higher line voltages the output current will increase and reduce with lower line voltages. the typical output current variation is +20% for a +200% in line voltage. a single resistor val ue change can be used to center the nominal output current for a given nominal line volt age. see table 1 for t he feedback resistor value vs. nominal line voltage. b maximum ambient temperature may be incr eased by adding a small heat sink to the linkswitch-ph device. for exam ple a strip of aluminum t he width of the board and the height of the existing electrolytic capacitor s increases maximum allowable ambient to 70c for a device temperature of 100c. higher device temperatures, up to 115c, are allowable providing a reduc tion in output current tolerance is acceptable.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 8 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 3 schematic figure 3 ? schematic.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 9 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 4 circuit description the linkswitch-ph device is a controller and integrated 725 v mosfet intended for use in led driver applications. t he linkswitch-ph is configured for use in a single-stage continuous conduction mode flyback topology and provides a primary side regulated constant current output while maintaining high power factor from the ac input. 4.1 input filtering fuse f1 provide protection fr om component failure and rv1 pr ovides a clamp to limit the maximum voltage during differential line su rge events. a 275 vac rated part was selected, being slightly above the maximu m specified operating voltage of 265 vac. diode bridge br1 rectifies the ac line vo ltage with capacitor c2 providing a low impedance path (decoupling) for the primar y switching current. a low value of capacitance (sum of c1, c2 and c11) is necessa ry to maintain a power factor of greater than 0.9. emi filtering is provided by i nductors l1-l3, c1 and y1 safety rated c7. resistor r16 and r17 across l1 and l2 damp any resonances betw een the input inductors, capacitors and the ac line impedance whic h would ordinarily show up on the conducted emi measurements. 4.2 linkswitch-ph primary one side of the transformer (t1) is connecte d to the dc bus and the other to the drain pin of the linkswitch-ph. du ring the on-time of the mosf et current ramps through the primary storing energy which is then delivered to the output during the mosfet off time. an rm8 core size was selected due to its small board area footpr int. as the bobbin did not meet the 6.2 mm safety creepage distanc e required for 230 vac operation, flying leads were used to terminated the se condary winding into the pc board. to provide peak line voltage information to u1 the incoming rectified ac peak charges c3 via d2. this is then fed into the v pin of u1 as a current via r2 and r3. the resistor tolerance will cause v pin current variation uni t to unit so 1% types were selected to minimize this variation. the v pin current is also used by the device to set the line input over-voltage and under voltage protection thre sholds. undervoltage ensures a defined turn on voltage threshold unit to unit and over voltage extends the re ctified line voltage withstand (during surges and line swells) to the 725 bv dss rating of the in ternal mosfet. resistor r1 provides a dischar ge path for c3 with a time constant much longer than that of the rectified ac to prev ent the v pin current being modul ated at the line frequency. the v-pin current and the fb-pin current are used internally to control the average output led current. for phase angle dimming applications a 50 k ? resistor is used on the r pin (r4) and 4 m ? (r2+r3) on the v pin to provide a linear relationship between input voltage and the output current and maximizing the dim range. resi stor r4 also sets the internal line input brown in, brown out and input over voltage protection thresholds.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 10 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com during the mosfet on time diode d3 and vr1 clamp the drain voltage to a safe level due to the effects of leakage inductance. di ode d4 is necessary to prevent reverse current from flowing through u1 while the voltage across c2 falls to below the reflected output voltage (v or ). a schottky barrier type diode was selected to reduce the loss in this component and improve efficiency but an ul tra-fast pn type (uf54002) may be substituted for lower cost. diode d6, c5, r7 and r8 generate a primary bias supply from an auxiliary winding on the transformer. capacitor c4 provides local decoupling for the bp pin of u1 which is the supply pin for the internal controller. during st artup c4 is charged to ~6 v from an internal high-voltage current source tied to the drain pi n. this allows the part to start switching at which point the operating suppl y current is provides from the bias supply via r5. diode d5 isolates the bypass pin fr om c5 to prevent the star tup time increasing due to charging of both c4 and c5. the use of an external bias supply (via d5 and r5) is recommended to give the lowest device dissipation and highest efficiency ho wever these components may be omitted if desired. this ability to be self powered provides improved phase angle dimming performance as the ic is able to maintain operation even when the input conduction phase angle is very small giving a low equivalent input voltage. capacitor c4 also selects the output pow er mode, 10 ? f was selected (reduced power mode) to minimize the device dissipation and minimize heat sinking requirements. 4.3 feedback the bias winding voltage is used to sense t he output voltage indi rectly, eliminating secondary side feedback component s. the voltage on the bias winding is proportional to the output voltage (set by t he turns ratio between the bias and secondary windings). resistor r6 converts the bias voltage into a current which is f ed into the feedback (fb) pin of u1. the internal engine within u1 combines the fb pin current, v pin current and drain current information to provide a c onstant output current over a 2:1 output voltage range whilst maintaining high input power factor. to limit the output voltage at no-load an output overvoltage clamp is set by d7, c12, r20, vr3, c13, q3 and r19. shoul d the output load be disconnected then the bias voltage will increase until vr3 conducts, turning on q3 and reducing the current into the fb pin. when this current drops below 20 ? a the part enters auto-restart and switching is disabled for 800 ms allowing time for t he output (and bias) voltages to fall.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 11 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 4.4 output rectification the transformer secondary winding is rectifi ed by d8 and filtered by c8 and c10. a schottky barrier diode was selected for effi ciency and the combined value of c8 and c10 was selected to give an led ripple current equal to 40% of the mean value. for designs where lower ripple is desirable the output c apacitance value can be increased. a small pre-load is provided by r15 which limits the output voltage under no-load conditions. 4.5 triac phase dimming control compatibility the requirement to provide output dimming with low cost, triac base, leading edge phase dimmers introduced a number of trade offs in the design. due to the much lower power consumed by led based lighting the cu rrent drawn by the overall lamp is below the holding current of the triac within the dimmer. this causes undesirable behaviors such as limited dim r ange and/or flickering as the triac fires inconsistently. the relatively large impedance the led lamp presents to the line allows significant ringing to occur due to the inrush current charging the input capacitance when the triac turns on. this too can cause similar undesirable behavior as the ringing may cause the triac current to fall to zero and turn off. to overcome these issues two circuits t he active damper and pa ssive bleeder were incorporated. the drawback of these circui ts is increased dissipation and therefore reduced efficiency of the supply. for non- dimming application these components can simply be omitted. the active damper consists of components r9, r10, r11, r12, d1, q1, c6, vr2, q2 in conjunction with r13. this circ uit limits the inrush current that flows to charge c2 when the triac turns on by placing r13 in series for the first 1 ms of the conduction period. after approximately 1 ms, q2 turns on and shor ts r13. this keeps the power dissipation on r13 low and allows a larger value during current limiting. resistor r9, r10, r11 and c6 provide the 1 ms delay after the triac conducts. transistor q1 discharges c6 when the triac is not conducting; vr2 clamps t he gate voltage of q2 to 15 v while r12 prevents mosfet oscillation. the passive bleeder circuit is comprised of c11 and r18. this k eeps the input current above the triac holding current while the i nput current correspondi ng to the driver increases during each ac half cycle preventing the triac os cillating on and off at the start of each conduction angle period. this arrangement provided flicker-free di mming operation with all the phase angle dimmers tested including units fr om europe, china, korean an d both leading and lagging edge types.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 12 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 5 pcb layout figure 4 ? printed circuit layout.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 13 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 6 bill of materials 6.1 electrical item qty ref des description mfg part number mfg 1 1 br1 600 v, 2 a, bridge rectifier, glass passivated 2kbp06m-e4/51 vishay 2 1 c1 47 nf, 275 vac, film, x2 ecqu2a473ml panasonic 3 1 c2 100 nf, 630 v, film ecq-e6104kf panasonic 4 1 c3 1 ? f, 400 v, electrolytic, (6.3 x 11) ekmg401ell1r0mf11d united chemi-con 5 1 c4 10 ? f, 16 v, electrolytic, gen. purpose, (5 x 11) ekmg160ell100me11d united chemi-con 6 1 c5 22 ? f, 50 v, electrolytic, low esr, 900 m ? , (5 x 11.5) elxz500ell220meb5d nippon chemi-con 7 1 c6 15 nf, 50 v, ceramic, x7r, 0805 ecj-2vb1h153k panasonic 8 1 c7 2.2 nf, ceramic, y1 440ld22-r vishay 9 2 c8 c10 330 ? f, 50 v, electrolytic, very low esr, 28 m ? , (10 x 25) ekze500ell331mj25s nippon chemi-con 10 1 c11 220 nf, 630 v, film ecq-e6224kf panasonic 11 1 c12 1 ? f, 50 v, ceramic, x7r, 0805 08055d105kat2a avx corporation 12 1 c13 100 nf, 50 v, ceramic, x7r, 0805 ecj-2yb1h104k panasonic 13 1 d1 100 v, 1 a, rectifier, glass passivated, do-213aa (melf) dl4002-13-f diodes inc 14 1 d2 1000 v, 1 a, rectifier, glass passivated, do-213aa (melf) dl4007-13-f diodes inc 15 1 d3 1000 v, 1 a, ultrafast reco very, 75 ns, do-41 uf4007-e3 vishay 16 1 d4 200 v, 1 a, ultrafast recovery, 50 ns, do-41 uf4003-e3 vishay 17 1 d5 100 v, 1 a, fast recovery, 150 ns, sma rs1b-13-f diodes, inc 18 1 d6 400v, 1 a, rectifier, fast recovery, melf (dl-41) dl4936-13-f diodes inc 19 1 d7 250 v, 0.2 a, fast switching, 50 ns, sod-323 bav21ws-7-f diode inc. 20 1 d8 200 v, 4 a, schottky, smc, do-214ab mbrs4201t3g on semiconductor 21 1 f1 3.15 a, 250 v, slow, tr5 37213150411 wickman 22 3 l1 l2 l3 1000 ? h, 0.3 a rlb0914-102kl bourns 23 1 q1 pnp, 400v 150ma, sot-23 fmmt558ta zetex inc 24 1 q2 400 v, 1.7 a, 3.6 ? , n-channel, dpak irfr310trpbf vishay 25 1 q3 npn, small signal bjt, 40 v, 0. 2 a, sot-23 mmbt3904lt1g on semiconductor 26 1 r1 240 k ? , 5%, 1/2 w, carbon film cfr-50jb-240k yageo 27 2 r2 r3 2.00 m ? , 1%, 1/4 w, thick film, 1206 erj-8enf2004v panasonic 28 1 r4 49.9 k ? , 1%, 1/8 w, thick film, 0805 erj-6enf4992v panasonic 29 1 r5 3 k ? , 5%, 1/4 w, thick film, 1206 erj-8geyj302v panasonic 30 1 r6 150 k ? , 1%, 1/8 w, thick film, 0805 erj-6enf1503v panasonic 31 1 r7 10 k ? , 5%, 1/4 w, thick film, 1206 erj-8geyj103v panasonic 32 1 r8 150 ? , 5%, 1/8 w, thick film, 0805 erj-6geyj151v panasonic 33 2 r9 r10 750 k ? , 1%, 1/4 w, thick film, 1206 erj-8enf7503v panasonic 34 1 r11 2.4 m ? , 5%, 1/8 w, thick film, 0805 erj-6geyj245v panasonic 35 1 r12 15 ? , 5%, 1/8 w, thick film, 0805 erj-6geyj150v panasonic 36 1 r13 130 ? , 5%, 1/2 w, carbon film cfr-50jb-130r yageo
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 14 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 37 1 r15 20 k ? , 5%, 1/4 w, thick film, 1206 erj-8geyj203v panasonic 38 3 r16 r17 r19 1 k ? , 5%, 1/8 w, thick film, 0805 erj-6geyj102v panasonic 39 1 r18 510 ? , 5%, 1 w, metal oxide rsf100jb-510r yageo 40 1 r20 10 k ? , 5%, 1/8 w, thick film, 0805 erj-6geyj103v panasonic 41 1 rv1 275 v, 80j, 10 mm, radial erz-v10d431 panasonic 42 1 t1 custom transformer, rm8,12pins snx-r1523 santronics usa 43 1 u1 linkswitch, lnk406eg, esip lnk406eg power integrations 44 1 vr1 200 v, 1500w, tvs, gp-20 1.5ke200a-e3/54 vishay 45 1 vr2 15 v, 5%, 500 mw, do-213aa (melf) zmm5245b-7 diodes inc 46 1 vr3 39 v, 5%, 500 mw, do-213aa (melf) zmm5259b-7 diodes inc 6.2 mechanical item qty ref des description mfg part number mfg 47 2 fl1 fl2 pcb terminal hole, 22 awg n/a n/a 48 1 l test point, wht,thru-hole mount 5012 keystone 49 2 n v- test point, blk,thru-hole mount 5011 keystone 50 1 v+ test point, red,thru-hole mount 5010 keystone
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 15 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 7 transformer specification 7.1 electrical diagram figure 5 ? transformer electrical diagram. 7.2 electrical specifications electrical strength 1 second, 60 hz, from pins 1,2,3,11 to fl1 ,fl2 3000 vac primary inductance pins 1-11, all other windings open, measured at 100 khz, 0.4 vrms 1150 ? h, 20 % resonant frequency pins 1-11, all other windings open 750 khz (min.) primary leakage inductance pins 1-11, with fl1-fl2 shorted, measured at 100 ? khz, 0.4 vrms 20 ? h (max.) 7.3 materials item description [1] core: rm8/i, 3f3, alg = 319 nh/n 2 [2] bobbin: 12 pin vertical, csv-rm8-1s-12p from philips or equivalent with mounting clip, cli/p-rm8 [3] tape: polyester film, 3m 1350f-1 or equivalent, 9 mm wide [4] wire: magnet, #31 awg, solderable double coated [5] wire: magnet, #30 awg, solderable double coated [6] wire: triple insulated, furukawa tex-e or equivalent, #25 tiw [7] transformer varnish: dolph bc-359 or equivalent
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 16 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 7.4 transformer build diagram w1 - start (p1) w1 - finish (p11) w2 - finish (fl2) w2 - start (fl1) w3 - start (p3) w3 - finish (p2) 1l tape 1l tape 3l tape 1l tape figure 6 ? transformer build diagram. 7.5 transformer construction bobbin preparation place the bobbin item [2] on the mandrel such that pin side on the left side. winding direction is the clockwise direction. wd 1 (primary) starting at pin 1, wind 60 turns of wire item [4] in two layers. finish at pin 11. insulation apply one layer of tape item [3]. wd 2 (secondary) leave about 1? of wire item [6], use small t ape to mark as fl1, enter into slot of secondary side of bobbin, wind 20 turns in two layers. at the last turn exit the same slot, leave about 1?, and mark as fl2. insulation apply one layer of tape item [3]. wd 3 (bias) starting at pin 3, wind 20 turns of wire item [5], spreading the wire, finish at pin 2. finish wrap apply three layers of tape item [3] for finish wrap. final assembly cut fl1 and fl2 to 0.75?.grind core to get 1.15 mh inductance value. assemble and secure core halves. dip impregnate using varnish item [7]. pins side
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 17 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 8 transformer design spreadsheet acdc_linkswitch- ph_042910; rev.1.0; copyright power integrations 2010 input info output unit linkswitch-ph_042910: flyback transformer design spreadsheet enter application variables dimming required yes info yes !!! info. when configured for dimming, best output current line regulation is achieved over a single input voltage range. vacmin 90 v minimum ac input voltage vacmax 265 265 v maximum ac input voltage fl 50 hz ac mains frequency vo 28.00 v typical output voltage of led string at full load vo_max 30.80 v maximum expected led string voltage. vo_min 25.20 v minimum expected led string voltage. v_ovp 33.88 v over-voltage protection setpoint io 0.50 typical full load led current po 14.0 w output power n 0.8 estimated efficiency of operation vb 28 28 v bias voltage enter linkswitch-ph variables linkswitch-ph lnk406 universal 115 doubled/230v chosen device lnk406 power out 22.5w 22.5w current limit mode red red select "red" for reduced current limit mode or "full" for full current limit mode ilimitmin 1.19 a minimum current limit ilimitmax 1.36 a maximum current limit fs 66000 hz switching frequency fsmin 62000 hz minimum switching frequency fsmax 70000 hz maximum switching frequency iv 39.9 ua v pin current rv 4 m-ohms upper v pin resistor rv2 1e+12 m-ohms lower v pin resistor ifb 158.8 ua fb pin current (85 ua < ifb < 210 ua) rfb1 157.5 k-ohms fb pin resistor vds 10 v linkswitch-ph on-state drain to source voltage vd 0.50 v output winding diode forward voltage drop (0.5 v for schottky and 0.8 v for pn diode) vdb 0.70 v bias winding diode forward voltage drop key design parameters kp 0.87 0.87 ripple to peak current ratio (for pf > 0.9, 0.4 < kp < 0.9) lp 1150 uh primary inductance vor 85.00 85 v reflected output voltage. expected io (average) 0.51 a expected average output current
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 18 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com kp_vacmax 1.11 expected ripple current ratio at vacmax ton_min 1.86 us minimum on time at maximum ac input voltage enter transformer core/construction variables core type rm8/i rm8/i bobbin rm8/i_bobbin p/n: * ae 0.63 cm^2 core effective cross sectional area le 3.84 cm core effective path length al 3000 nh/t^2 ungapped core effective inductance bw 10 mm bobbin physical winding width m 0 mm safety margin width (half the primary to secondary creepage distance) l 2.00 2 number of primary layers ns 20 20 number of secondary turns dc input voltage parameters vmin 127 v peak input voltage at vacmin vmax 375 v peak input voltage at vacmax current waveform shape parameters dmax 0.42 minimum duty cycle at peak of vacmin iavg 0.51 a average primary current ip 0.95 a peak primary current (calculated at minimum input voltage vacmin) irms 0.31 a primary rms current (calculated at minimum input voltage vacmin) transformer primary design parameters lp 1150 uh primary inductance np 60 primary winding number of turns nb 20 bias winding number of turns alg 323 nh/t^2 gapped core effective inductance bm 2897 gauss maximum flux density at po, vmin (bm<3100) bp 3506 gauss peak flux density (bp<3700) bac 1267 gauss ac flux density for core loss curves (0.5 x peak to peak) ur 1455 relative permeability of ungapped core lg 0.22 mm gap length (lg > 0.1 mm) bwe 20 mm effective bobbin width od 0.34 mm maximum primary wire diameter including insulation ins 0.06 mm estimated total insulation thickness (= 2 * film thickness) dia 0.28 mm bare conductor diameter awg 30 awg primary wire gauge (rounded to next smaller standard awg value) cm 102 cmils bare conductor effective area in circular mils cma 330 cmils/amp primary winding current capacity (200 < cma < 600) transformer secondary design parameters (single output equivalent) lumped parameters isp 2.82 a peak secondary current isrms 1.01 a secondary rms current iripple 0.88 a output capacitor rms ripple current
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 19 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com cms 203 cmils secondary bare conductor minimum circular mils awgs 27 awg secondary wire gauge (rounded up to next larger standard awg value) dias 0.36 mm secondary minimum bare conductor diameter ods 0.50 mm secondary maximum outside diameter for triple insulated wire voltage stress parameters vdrain 553 v estimated maximum drain voltage assuming maximum led string voltage (includes effect of leakage inductance) pivs 160 v output rectifier maximum peak inverse voltage (calculated at vovp, excludes leakage inductance spike) pivb 160 v bias rectifier maximum peak inverse voltage (calculated at vovp, excludes leakage inductance spike) fine tuning (enter measured values from prototype) v pin resistor fine tuning rv1 4.00 m-ohms upper v pin resistor value rv2 1e+12 m-ohms lower v pin resistor value vac1 115.0 v test input voltage condition1 vac2 230.0 v test input voltage condition2 io_vac1 0.50 a measured output current at vac1 io_vac2 0.50 a measured output current at vac2 rv1 (new) 4.00 m-ohms new rv1 rv2 (new) 20911.63 m-ohms new rv2 v_ov 319.6 v typical ac input voltage at which ov shutdown will be triggered v_uv 66.3 v typical ac input voltage beyond which power supply can startup fb pin resistor fine tuning rfb1 157 k-ohms upper fb pin resistor value rfb2 1e+12 k-ohms lower fb pin resistor value vb1 25.2 v test bias voltage condition1 vb2 30.8 v test bias voltage condition2 io1 0.50 a measured output current at vb1 io2 0.50 a measured output current at vb2 rfb1 (new) 157.5 k-ohms new rfb1 rfb2(new) 1.00e+12 k-ohms new rfb2
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 20 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 9 performance data all measurements performed at room temperature 9.1 power efficiency 9.1.1 28 v hz v in (vac) p in (w) v out (v) i out (ma) p out (w) efficiency (%) pf 60 90 14.62 27.78 439 12.20 83 60 100 15.1 27.85 455 12.67 84 60 115 15.78 27.99 477 13.35 85 0.98 60 130 16.34 28.11 497 13.97 85 hz v in (vac) p in (w) v out (v) i out (ma) p out (w) efficiency (%) pf 50 185 18.31 28.47 558 15.89 87 50 200 18.79 28.54 571 16.30 87 50 215 19.23 28.6 584 16.70 87 50 230 19.67 28.67 596 17.09 87 0.93 50 245 20.08 28.73 607 17.44 87 50 265 20.63 28.81 621 17.89 87 9.1.2 25 v hz v in (vac) p in (w) v out (v) i out (ma) p out (w) efficiency (%) pf 60 90 13.22 24.95 440 10.98 83 60 100 13.67 25.04 458 11.47 84 60 115 14.27 25.16 481 12.10 85 0.98 60 130 14.83 25.28 501 12.67 85 hz v in (vac) p in (w) v out (v) i out (ma) p out (w) efficiency (%) pf 50 185 16.62 25.58 561 14.35 86 50 200 17.05 25.64 575 14.74 86 50 215 17.46 25.71 588 15.12 87 50 230 17.86 25.77 600 15.46 87 0.92 50 245 18.24 25.82 611 15.78 86 50 265 18.73 25.88 625 16.18 86
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 21 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 9.1.3 31 v hz v in (vac) p in (w) v out (v) i out (ma) p out (w) efficiency (%) pf 60 90 16.35 30.82 437 13.47 82 60 100 16.89 30.97 454 14.06 83 60 115 17.53 31.12 476 14.81 85 0.98 60 130 18.14 31.25 495 15.47 85 hz v in (vac) p in (w) v out (v) i out (ma) p out (w) efficiency (%) pf 50 185 20.49 31.75 560 17.78 87 50 200 20.91 31.8 571 18.16 87 50 215 21.4 31.88 583 18.59 87 50 230 21.86 31.95 595 19.01 87 0.93 50 245 22.34 32.02 606 19.40 87 50 265 22.93 32.11 620 19.91 87 82.0 83.0 84.0 85.0 86.0 87.0 88.0 75 100 125 150 175 200 225 250 275 input voltage (vac) efficiency (%) 25 v 28 v 32 v figure 7? efficiency vs. input voltage, room temperature.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 22 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 9.2 regulation 9.2.1 output voltage and line 450 475 500 525 550 575 600 625 650 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 output voltage (vdc) output current (ma) 115 v 230 v figure 8 ? voltage and line regulation, room temperature. the line regulation result shown above is typical for a design where the phase angle dimming mode of u1 is selected (to provide a very wide dimming range). for a given line voltage the output current can be centered by changing the value of the feedback resistor (r6). the table below shows the resist or values to adjust the mean output current at specific input voltages, line voltage (vac) value of r6 (k ? ) 100 147 115 150 230 178 table 1 ? feedback resistor value to center output current at different nominal line voltages.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 23 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 9.2.2 input voltage and out put voltage regulation note: 28 v and 25 v data identical. 465 475 485 495 505 515 525 535 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 input voltage (vac) output current (ma) 25 v 28 v 32 v figure 9 ? low line regulation, room temperature, full load.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 24 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 550 560 570 580 590 600 610 620 630 175 185 195 205 215 225 235 245 255 265 275 input voltage (vac) output current (ma) 25 v 28 v 32 v figure 10 ? high line regulation, room temperature, full load.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 25 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 10 thermal performance images captured after running for 30 minutes at room temperatur e (25 c), full load. this indicates an operating temperature of 100c at 50c for the linkswitch-ph. the addition of a small heat sink (width of board) to the device reduce s the operating temperature by ~25c. 10.1 v in = 115 vac (u1: no heat sink) figure 11 ? top side. figure 12 ? bottom side. 10.2 v in = 230 vac (u1: no heat sink) figure 13 ? top side. figure 14 ? bottom side.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 26 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 11 harmonic data per iec 61000-3-2 (2005) for class c compli ance for an active input power <25 w requires meeting class d limit s. where figures 15 and 16 show class c limits these are intended to show the limits fo r class c compliance (class d limits). 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 harmonic current (ma) class d limit rd-194 harmonic data at 115 vac figure 15 ? 115 vac harmonic, room temperature, full load.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 27 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 3 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 harmonic current (ma) class d limit rd-194 harmonic data at 230 vac figure 16 ? 230 vac harmonic, room temperature, full load. v in =115 vac thd (%) limit (%) margin (%) 21.0 33 12.0 v in = 230 vac thd (%) limit (%) margin (%) 27.8 33 5.2
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 28 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 12 waveforms 12.1 input line voltage and current figure 17 ? 90 vac, full load. upper: i in , 0.2 a / div. lower: v in , 100 v, 10 ms / div. figure 18 ? 265 vac, full load. upper: i in , 0.1 a / div. lower: v in , 200 v / div., 10 ms / div. 12.2 drain voltage and current figure 19 ? 90 vac, full load. upper: i drain , 0.5 a / div. lower: v drain , 100 v, 5 ? s / div. figure 20 ? 265 vac, full load. upper: i drain , 0.5 a / div. lower: v drain , 200 v / div., 5 ? s / div.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 29 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 12.3 output voltage and ripple current figure 21 ? 90 vac, full load. upper: i ripple , 0.2 a / div. lower: v output 10 v, 5 ms / div. figure 22 ? 265 vac, full load. upper: i ripple , 0.2 a / div. lower: v output 10 v, 5 ms / div. 12.4 output voltage and drai n current start-up profile figure 23 ? 90 vac, full load. upper: i drain , 0.5 a / div. lower: v output, 5 v, 20 ms / div. figure 24 ? 265 vac, full load. upper: i ripple , 0.5 a / div. lower: v output, 5 v, 10 ms / div.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 30 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 12.5 output current and drain voltage during shorted output figure 25 ? 90 vac, full load. upper: i output , 2 a / div. lower: v drain, 200 v, 200 ms / div. figure 26 ? 265 vac, full load. upper: i ouptut , 5 a / div. lower: v output, 200 v, 200 ms / div. 12.6 open load output voltage figure 27 ? output voltage: 115 vac. v out , 10 v / div., 500 ms / div. figure 28 ? output voltage: 230 vac. v out , 10 v / div., 500 ms / div.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 31 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 13 dimming 13.1 input phase vs. output note: due to operation of triac based phase dimmers maximum conduction angle was limited to 165 deg. 115 vac / 60 hz 230 vac / 50 hz phase angle (o) i out (ma) phase angle (o) i out (ma) 167 490 162 580 93 250 95 290 65 120 61 140 43 62 40 63 36 32 27 32 17 4 22 13 12 1.7 11 7 10 0.9 8 3 8 0.4 7 1.2 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 phase angle () led current (ma) 115 v 230 v figure 29 ? input phase vs. output current.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 32 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 13.2 output voltage and input current waveforms 13.2.1 v in = 115 vac / 60 hz figure 30 ? 115 vac, full phase. upper: v out , 10 v / div. lower: i in , 0.1 a / div., 5 ms / div. figure 31 ? 115 vac, 65 o phase. upper: v out , 10 v / div. lower: i in , 0.1 a / div., 5 ms / div. figure 32 ? 115 vac, 16 o phase. upper: v out , 10 v / div. lower: i in , 0.1 a / div., 5 ms / div. figure 33 ? 115 vac, 8 o phase. upper: v out , 10 v / div. lower: i in , 0.1 a / div., 5 ms / div.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 33 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 13.2.2 v in = 230 vac / 50hz figure 34 ? 230 vac, full phase. upper: v out , 10 v / div. lower: i in , 0.1 a / div., 5 ms / div. figure 35 ? 230 vac, 54 o phase. upper: v out , 10 v / div. lower: i in , 0.1 a / div., 5 ms / div. figure 36 ? 230 vac, 6 o phase. upper: v out , 10 v / div. lower: i in , 0.1 a / div., 5 ms / div. figure 37 ? 230 vac, 5 o phase. upper: v out , 10 v / div. lower: i in , 0.1 a / div., 5 ms / div.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 34 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 14 line surge differential and common input line 200 a ring wave testing was completed on a single test unit to iec61000-4-5. i nput voltage was set at 230 vac / 60 hz. output was loaded at full load and operation was verified following each surge event. surge level (v) input voltage (vac) injection location injection phase () test result (pass/fail) 2500 230 l to n 90 pass 2500 230 l to n 90 pass 2500 230 l to pe 90 pass 2500 230 l to pe 90 pass 2500 230 n to pe 90 pass 2500 230 n to pe 90 pass unit passes under all test conditions.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 35 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 15 conducted emi note: blue results represents pea k detector vs. quasi peak limit lin e. for actual margin to limit (quasi peak measurement vs. quasi peak limit) please refer to the table. power integrations 9 khz 30 mhz 1 p k clrw r 2 a v clrw r sgl tdf 6db dbv dbv 21.apr 10 08:02 rbw 9 khz mt 500 ms att 10 db auto 100 khz 1 mhz 10 mhz -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 limit check pass en55015a en55015q edit peak list (final measurement results) trace1: en55015q trace2: en55015a trace3: --- trace frequency level dbv delta limit db 2 average 134.789536006 khz 41.13 n gnd 1 quasi peak 200.175581485 khz 51.44 n gnd -12.16 2 average 200.175581485 khz 43.79 n gnd -9.81 1 quasi peak 267.135089486 khz 44.80 n gnd -16.40 2 average 267.135089486 khz 35.58 n gnd -15.62 2 average 332.507282579 khz 35.10 l1 gnd -14.28 2 average 401.705024172 khz 37.16 n gnd -10.64 1 quasi peak 418.01585899 khz 46.10 n gnd -11.38 2 average 466.367062279 khz 37.33 n gnd -9.24 2 average 536.076911993 khz 35.42 n gnd -10.57 1 quasi peak 641.227045055 khz 43.24 n gnd -12.75 2 average 667.263434405 khz 35.08 l1 gnd -10.91 2 average 4.97983359306 mhz 38.94 n gnd -7.05 1 quasi peak 6.1984778522 mhz 45.35 n gnd -14.64 2 average 13.6042179984 mhz 40.09 l1 gnd -9.90 1 quasi peak 13.8776627802 mhz 49.91 l1 gnd -10.08 figure 38 ? conducted emi, maximum steady state load, 115 vac, 60 hz, and en55015 b limits.
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 36 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com power integrations 9 khz 30 mhz 1 p k clrw r 2 a v clrw r sgl tdf 6db dbv dbv 21.apr 10 08:08 rbw 9 khz mt 500 ms att 10 db auto 100 khz 1 mhz 10 mhz -20 -10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 limit check pass en55015a en55015q edit peak list (final measurement results) trace1: en55015q trace2: en55015a trace3: --- trace frequency level dbv delta limit db 2 average 9.272709 khz 23.48 n gnd 2 average 134.789536006 khz 41.52 n gnd 1 quasi peak 190.46019728 khz 47.24 l1 gnd -16.77 2 average 200.175581485 khz 39.24 l1 gnd -14.35 1 quasi peak 264.49018761 khz 45.98 l1 gnd -15.30 2 average 267.135089486 khz 37.12 n gnd -14.08 1 quasi peak 332.507282579 khz 41.97 n gnd -17.41 2 average 332.507282579 khz 33.19 n gnd -16.19 1 quasi peak 401.705024172 khz 42.37 l1 gnd -15.44 2 average 401.705024172 khz 32.83 l1 gnd -14.98 2 average 466.367062279 khz 33.81 n gnd -12.76 1 quasi peak 471.030732902 khz 44.01 n gnd -12.47 2 average 598.084042089 khz 31.96 n gnd -14.03 1 quasi peak 673.936068749 khz 42.26 n gnd -13.73 2 average 6.07634335085 mhz 40.39 n gnd -9.60 1 quasi peak 6.26046263072 mhz 45.96 n gnd -14.03 2 average 13.6042179984 mhz 41.54 l1 gnd -8.45 1 quasi peak 13.7402601784 mhz 49.67 l1 gnd -10.32 figure 39 ? conducted emi, maximum steady state load, 230 vac, 60 hz, and en55015 b limits.
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 37 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 16 production distribution data each rd-194 is ate tested prior to shipping and the data for output current is presented below for a fixed line condition of 115 vac and a device temperature of 50c. this shows very low unit to unit variation (sigma of 8.5 ma) which includes both the device and external component influences. 0.540 0.525 0.510 0.495 0.480 0.465 0.450 20 15 10 5 0 iout (a ) frequency mean 0.5 stdev 0.008587 n83 no r m a l histogram of average output current vin = 115 vac figure 40 ? production variation of i out at 115 vac
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 38 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 17 revision history date author revision description & changes reviewed 09-jun-10 dk 1.0 initial release apps & mktg 14-dec-10 dk 1.1 u pdated section 6, 11 and 13.1 apps & mktg
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 39 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 18 appendix 18.1 dimming test with triac dimmer switches 18.1.1 v in = 115 vac / 60 hz dimming test data style country manufacturer model number max current (ma) controlled min. current (ma) min. current without off switch (ma) rotary 1 taiwan ws-5005 500 2 0 2 usa leviton ob4911 500 4 0 slider 1 usa lutron glr11-f38875 450 6 0 2 taiwan sg electric xh004186 490 63 0 18.1.2 v in = 230 vac / 50 hz note output was not normalized (value of feedback resistor adjusted) for 230 vac operation. when normalized a value of ~ 600 ma equates to a value of ~500 ma. dimming test data style country manufacturer model number max. current (ma) controlled min. current (ma) min. current without off switch (ma) rotary 1 taiwan y-25088a 598 3 0 2 taiwan y-25082a 595 2 0 3 taiwan d-2160b 597 61 4 china clipmei 593 4 0 5 china lbr 595 125 6 china kbe 593 10 0 7 china mank mk/tg100001 595 157 8 china sb electric bm2 580 4 0 9 china ebahuang 593 5 0 10 china myongbo 596 135 11 china tcl l2.0 596 75 12 italy rts34dli 590 75
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 40 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 18.2 audible noise test data unit measured open frame wit h calibrated laboratory microphone placed 25 mm above the transformer. results show very acceptable audible noise levels created by supply when using leading edge phase angle dimming. levels measured were only slightly above noise floor. 18.2.1 v in = 115 vac, full phase figure 41 ? 2 khz ? 22 khz. 18.2.2 v in = 115 vac, half phase figure 42 ? 2 khz ? 22 khz. -30 +80 -20 -10 +0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 +60 +70 d b r a 2k 22k 4k 6k 8k 10k 12k 14k 16k 18k 20k hz -30 +80 -20 -10 +0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 +60 +70 d b r a 2k 22k 4k 6k 8k 10k 12k 14k 16k 18k 20k hz
14-dec-10 rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg page 41 of 42 power integrations tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com 18.2.3 v in = 230 vac, full phase figure 43 ? 2 khz ? 22 khz. 18.2.4 v in = 230 vac, half phase figure 44 ? 2 khz ? 22 khz. -30 +80 -20 -10 +0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 +60 +70 d b r a 2k 22k 4k 6k 8k 10k 12k 14k 16k 18k 20k hz -30 +80 -20 -10 +0 +10 +20 +30 +40 +50 +60 +70 d b r a 2k 22k 4k 6k 8k 10k 12k 14k 16k 18k 20k hz
rdr-194 14 w par38 led driver using lnk406eg 14-dec-10 page 42 of 42 power integrations, inc. tel: +1 408 414 9200 fax: +1 408 414 9201 www.powerint.com for the latest updates, visit our website: www.powerint.com power integrations reserves the right to make changes to its products at any time to improve reliability or manufacturability. power integrations does not assume any liability arising fr om the use of any device or circuit described herein. power integrations makes no warranty herein and specifically disclaims all warranties including, without limitation, the implied warranties of merchantability, fitness for a particular purpose, and non-infringement of third party rights. patent information the products and applications illustrated herein (including transformer construction and circuits external to the products) may be covered by one or more u.s. and foreign patents, or potentially by pending u.s. and foreign patent applications assigned to power integrations. a complete list of power integrations? patents may be found at www.powerint.com . power integrations grants its customers a license under certain pa tent rights as set forth at http://www.powerint.com/ip.htm. the pi logo, topswitch, tinyswitch, linkswitch, dpa-switch, peakswitch, ecosmart, clampless, e-shield, filterfuse, stackfet, pi expert and pi facts are trademarks of power integrations, inc. other trademarks are property of their respective companies. ?copyright 2010 power integrations, inc. power integrations worldwide sales support locations world headquarters 5245 hellyer avenue san jose, ca 95138, usa. main: +1-408-414-9200 customer service: phone: +1-408-414-9665 fax: +1-408-414-9765 e-mail: usasales@powerint.com germany rueckertstrasse 3 d-80336, munich germany phone: +49-89-5527-3911 fax: +49-89-5527-3920 e-mail: eurosales@powerint.com japan kosei dai-3 building 2-12-11, shin-yokohama, kohoku-ku, yokohama-shi, kanagawa 222-0033 japan phone: +81-45-471-1021 fax: +81-45-471-3717 e-mail: japansales@powerint.com taiwan 5f, no. 318, nei hu rd., sec. 1 nei hu district taipei 114, taiwan r.o.c. phone: +886-2-2659-4570 fax: +886-2-2659-4550 e-mail: taiwansales@powerint.com china (shanghai) rm 1601/1610, tower 1 kerry everbright city no. 218 tianmu road west shanghai, p.r.c. 200070 phone: +86-021-6354-6323 fax: +86-021-6354-6325 e-mail : chinasales@powerint.com india #1, 14 th main road vasanthanagar bangalore-560052 india phone: +91-80-4113-8020 fax: +91-80-4113-8023 e-mail: indiasales@powerint.com korea rm 602, 6fl korea city air terminal b/d, 159-6 samsung-dong, kangnam-gu, seoul, 135-728 korea phone: +82-2-2016-6610 fax: +82-2-2016-6630 e-mail: koreasales@powerint.com united kingdom 1st floor, st. james?s house east street, farnham surrey, gu9 7tj united kingdom phone: +44 (0) 1252-730-141 fax: +44 (0) 1252-727-689 e-mail: eurosales@powerint.com china (shenzhen) rm a, b & c 4 th floor, block c, electronics science and technology building 2070 shennan zhong road shenzhen, guangdong, p.r.c. 518031 phone: +86-755-8379-3243 fax: +86-755-8379-5828 e-mail: chinasales@powerint.com italy via de amicis 2 20091 bresso mi italy phone: +39-028-928-6000 fax: +39-028-928-6009 e-mail: eurosales@powerint.com singapore 51 newton road, #15-08/10 goldhill plaza singapore, 308900 phone: +65-6358-2160 fax: +65-6358-2015 e-mail: singaporesales@powerint.com applications hotline world wide +1-408-414-9660 applications fax world wide +1-408-414-9760

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